Multi Manfaat dari Perluasan Mandatori Biodiesel

Pemerintah terhitung sejak tanggal 1 September 2018 mengambil langkah strategis melalui perluasan mandatori biodiesel yakni pencampuran wajib 20 persen biodiesel sawit pada konsumsi seluruh  jenis solar/diesel di Indonesia baik PSO maupun non PSO.  Kebijakan tersebut melanjutkan B20 sektor PSO yang sudah dimulai sejak tahun 2016 lalu. Dengan perluasan B20 tersebut maka semua jenis bahan bakar diesel harus mengandung 20 persen biodiesel sawit.

Kebijakan perluasan B20 tersebut dinilai sangat strategis dan memberi berbagai manfaat baik manfaat ekonomi, sosial maupun lingkungan. Dari segi ekonomi, pencampuran biodiesel sawit dalam konsumsi solar nasional berdampak langsung pada pengurangan impor solar.  Tahun 2018 ini konsumsi total solar/diesel di Indonesia mencapai sekitar 38 juta k.l sehingga dengan mencampur 20 persen biodisel kita menghemat impor solar sebesar 7.6 juta k.l per tahun. Dengan harga diesel rata-rata dunia USD 1.4 per liter, maka penghematan devisa impor solar bisa  mencapai  USD 10.6 milyar per tahun. Jelas devisa sebesar ini dapat memperbaiki neraca perdagangan migas nasional yang selalu defisit.

Pencampuran solar impor dengan biodiesel sawit domestik merupakan suatu kebijakan subsitusi impor energi untuk memperkuat ketahanan energi nasional. Penggunaan biodiesel sawit yang bersifat dapat diperbaharui (renewable energy) sebagai pengganti energi diesel yang tidak dapat diperbaharui (non renewable energy) merupakan langkah tepat untuk membangun ketahanan energi nasional yang berkelanjutan.

Kebijakan subsitusi solar impor dengan biodiesel sawit juga memperkuat basis pasar minyak sawit domestik. Sebagai produsen minyak sawit terbesar dunia, basis pasar minyak sawit domestik perlu ditumbuhkan secara berkesinambungan agar Indonesia dapat menjadi pemimpin pasar minyak sawit dunia dan tidak tergantung pada pasar negara tertentu.

Dari sisi sosial, bahan baku biodiesel sawit yakni CPO dihasilkan oleh kebun  sawit  pada 200 kabupaten pelosok di Indonesia, dimana sekitar 42 persen adalah sawit rakyat. Berbagai riset membuktikan bahwa perkebunan sawit berperan penting bagi pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah, penciptaan lapangan kerja, peningkatan pendapatan dan pengurangan kemiskinan. Peningkatan penggunaan minyak sawit sebagai bahan bakar (biodiesel) akan menggerek harga TBS petani sawit  pada 200 kabupaten sentra sawit sehingga meningkatkan gairah petani untuk meningkatkan produktivitas  serta  juga akan memperbesar peranan sosial ekonomi tersebut.

Manfaat yang tak kalah pentingnya adalah perluasan B20 tersebut juga menghasilkan manfaat jasa lingkungan berupa pengurangan emisi karbon nasional. Sebagiamana diketahui bahwa subsitusi solar dengan biodiesel sawit akan mengurangi 60 persen emisi mesin-mesin diesel. Perluasan B20 akan mengurangi emisi karbon nasional sebesar 11.4 juta ton per tahun.

Banyak manfaat yang dinikmati Indonesia dengan perluasan B20 tersebut. Oleh karena itu, perluasan B20 tersebut perlu didukung semua pihak untuk memastikan keberhasilannya.

sumber: sawit.org.id

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Indonesian B20 Optimization

Jika kita sungguh-sungguh ingin menyudahi defisit dalam neraca perdagangan, jangan sampai kehilangan momentum optimalisasi biodiesel ! . Tidak ada kata terlambat bagi pemerintah maupun BUMN untuk menggalakkan menggunakan B20 pada sektor industri. Meski pada beberapa perusahaan sawit yg lebih dulu sadar akan manfaat besar biodiesel sudah lebih dulu menggunakan B20 pada kendaraan2 angkut mereka, bahkan pada rasio yg lebih besar lagi dari B20 misal B30, B50 dan lebih tinggi lagi. Hal demikian sekaligus sebagai sarana uji jalan yg bisa langsung diambil hasilnya untuk kemajuan bangsa, guna meminimalisir penggunaan bahan bakar fossil dimana bukan lagi menjadi keunggulan negeri ini. . Setelah penggunaan pada transportasi, kemudian industri juga menyusul pada pembangkit listrik secara menyeluruh, maka bukan tidak mungkin Indonesia akan swasembada energi juga menyebabkan terjadinya pergeseran pemasok energi dunia dari penggunaan fossil-fuel yg di raja-i oleh Timur-Tengah menjadi Indonesia sebagai raja pemasok renewable energy berupa biofuel/bioenergi untuk dunia. . Jaya lah terus Indonesia ku !

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Demanding HCS And HCV in Palm Plantation Area is Misadressed

Indonesia is not Europe nor the United States. In European countries and North America, at the beginning of its development has cleared its forests, both protected forest and conservation forest, including its inhabitants. There is no more remaining primary forest, or sub-tropical animals these days. Although it is not possible to restore what has been damaged in the past, the current generation of Europe and North America, is rebuilding its forests including their High Concrete Value (HCV) and High Carbon Stock (HCS) areas. If current countries of Europe and North America claimed that they have forests, these are secondary forests, abandoned ex-agricultural land (Soemarwoto, 1992).

What about Indonesia? Although still struggling in developing the economy, since the beginning of its establishment, Indonesia has classified which forest are able to convert (deforestable) and the ones that should be preserved (non-deforestable) in which HCV and HCS exist. The forests in which HCS and HCV are, in the Forestry Act No.41 / 1999 are known as protected forests and conservation forests, which in the National Tataruang Law (Law 26/2007) are called the Protected Areas.

According to Forestry Statistics (2013) the area of ​​protected forest is 30.39 million hectares and the area of ​​conservation forest is about 22.06 million hectares. The details include the Nature Reserve (3.9 million hectares), the Wildlife Reserve (5.2 million hectares), the National Park (12.3 million hectares), the Nature Park, the People’s Forest Park and the Hunting Park (0.83 million hectares).

These forests are primary forests, original and protected, and should not be converted to other uses. In protected forests and conservation are the “homes” of biodiversity such as wildlife, plant and microbial variety, water system functions, and overall ecosystem conservation. In Indonesia, the conservation of HCV, HCS and biodiversity already exist in protected forests and conservation forests. Forests that may be converted for development purposes are production forests, especially convertible forests with certain procedures and are regulated in the forestry laws. Production forests are known as land banks; that are used as land stocks to meet development and occupational needs such as urban areas, housing, industries, agriculture, plantations, etc., which are referred in the spatial law as ‘cultivation areas’.

The process of converting production forest into a cultivation area by the Government is basically only the needs of development / population. The Forestry Law mandates that conversion of production forests to cultivation areas is not based on the carbon stock value, just like demanded by NGOs. As long as it really is the production forest, with any kind of carbon stock, can be converted into a cultivated area. Likewise, if they are conservation and protection forests, no matter how small the carbon stock exists, they can not be converted into cultivation area.

Therefore, it is wrongly addressed if Western countries including NGOs demand the conservation of HCV, HCS or biodiversity in palm plantations with permits or in the cultivation area in general. The irrational demands of these NGOs are just as irrational as if we demanded the economic function of protected / conservation forests. Each forest has a different role and function in the harmony of national space.

source: indonesiakita.or.id

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Utilizing Oil Palm Waste, ITB’s Lecturers Successfully Create Supercapacitor for Electric Car

Indonesia is the largest palm oil producer in the world with an area of ​​11 million hectares. Not surprisingly, Indonesia is one of the world’s largest palm oil exporting countries. With this fantastic amount of palm oil production, the palm oil biorefinery industry in Indonesia has become very important and has experienced rapid growth. But on the other hand, this has become a biomass trade-off, because the waste generated from the palm oil production process has also increased in terms of quantity. This is the background of the ITB researchers team, consisting of Dr. Tirto Prakoso ST, M.Eng., Dr.Ir. Isdiriayani, Hary Devianto ST, M.Eng., Ph.D., And Dr.Eng. Pramujo Widiatmoko ST, MT to utilize the palm oil waste.

Oil palm plantation are rich in carbon elements which are the result of atmospheric CO2 fixation. The main product of processing of palm fruit bunches is known as Crude Palm Oil (CPO). While the remaining products are empty fruit bunches (EFB), fiber and shells, as well as the kernel core (kernel) mostly end up being waste. “Is not waste, but other biomass products,” said Tirto when referring to the remaining products of the palm oil industry. The high hemicellulose, lignin and cellulose content of those biomass residues allows the extraction of the elemental carbon within it. The best option is to process it into nanocarbons so that it can be used to make supercapacitors for electric cars. So far commercial supercapacitors that have been spreaded on market, still using the base of precious metals so the price is high.

The extraction process begins by destroying the biomass then the hydrothermal carbonization process is carried out using ZnCl2 as an activator. After removing unwanted metal minerals (ash) two types of products will be found, namely bio-char and bio-oil. Some special treatment is needed until eventually it will be found graphene, activated carbon, and carbon nanotubes (CNT). Activated carbon is used as material to support the layer while graphene and Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) which have high electron transfer capability are used as materials added above the support layer. Supercapacitors with a capacity of 3 farads per gram have been successfully made in the first research project.

The yield obtained from dry biomass for this supercapacitor reaches 70 percent. With these satisfying results, the ITB researchers are seeking patent claims for their invention. In the future, this project will be focused on pursuing quantity because the supercapacitor used in the electric car is quite large based on the value of the farad needed. The added value which reaches 500 times compare to the initial value of the residual biomass of these palm oil industry to become a supercapacitor electrode is a promising business for the electronic component industry in Indonesia. Not even limited to be used for the electric car supercapacitors, in the future the researcher team of ITB’s lecturers hope that the solar cell industry and car window coating to be able to produce electricity which developed by the same technology.

source: www.itb.ac.id

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